Since the 19th century, the fate of cows has been tied to new methods and progress in animal science. Genetics and new ways of rearing animals have accelerated bovine biological transformation and manipulation. These are no longer the same cash cows of yesteryear; men have adapted the bodies of cattle to stricter quantity and quality standards. From exploiting the cow’s physical body to manipulating its cells, a new 21st-century farm animal is under construction.